Scientifically known as Actaea racemosa, formerly classified as Cimicifuga racemosa, black cohosh is a member of the Ranunculaceae (buttercup) family. Native to eastern North America, this perennial plant is found in woodland areas from southern Ontario to Georgia. The plant is characterized by its tall, white flower spikes that bloom in late spring to early summer, and its large, compound leaves. Black cohosh has been used by Native American tribes for centuries, particularly for women's health concerns.
The genus Actaea contains approximately 20 species, with Actaea racemosa being the most well-known for its medicinal properties. The species name 'racemosa' refers to the plant's raceme-like flower clusters. In traditional medicine, particularly among Native American and European herbal practitioners, black cohosh has been primarily used to address women's reproductive health issues, especially menopausal symptoms. Its roots are the primary part of the plant used in herbal preparations, valued for their potential to alleviate hot flashes, mood swings, and other menopausal discomforts.